Beilstein J. Org. Chem.2020,16, 2141–2150, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.182
isopropyl substituent led to larger lipophilicity modulation compared to fluorination of the cyclopropyl substituent.
Keywords: aliphaticfluorination; cyclopropane; isopropyl; isostere; lipophilicity; oxetane; Introduction
The introduction of small alkyl groups onto bioactive compounds as space filling
-position (5), the introduction of the oxetanyl group leading to 6 induces a significant pKa(H) decrease. While the reduction in logP is still observed, the larger proportion of unprotonated substrate leads to a logD7.4 increase.
Aliphaticfluorination can also be employed to decrease lipophilicities [6][19
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Graphical Abstract
Figure 1:
Examples of lipophilicity modulation for geminal dimethyl to cyclopropyl and oxetane modifications ...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem.2020,16, 1837–1852, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.151
orientation of the groups, while in the (trifluoromethyl)prolines the orientation is similar. This is reflected in the acidity values.
Lipophilicity
Another parameter, which may be sensitive to the orientation of the dipoles within a molecule is the lipophilicity. It is well known that single aliphatic
fluorination usually increases polarity of a molecule due the newly introduced polar C–F bond. A CF3 group introduces a dipole of a similar size (see Figure 2), however, due to its high molar volume it increases the hydrophobicity of a molecule [75]. The overall outcome may appear paradoxical: a CF3 group can
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Graphical Abstract
Figure 1:
A) Three types of the backbone amino acid structures that are included in protein translation: glyc...